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- 310 St Eusebius ends his reign as Catholic Pope
Anti-Jewish Legislation
335 Roman Emperor Constantine the Great rules that Jews are not allowed to purchase and circumcise Christian slaves
- 686 Conon begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1096 Sultan Kilidj Arslan of Nicea defeats The People's Crusade at the Battle of Civetot, only about 3,000 out of 20,000 Crusaders survive
- 1187 Alberto de Morra elected as Pope Gregorius VIII (12/17/1187)
Luther Joins the Faculty
1512 Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.
Magellan Transits the Magellan Strait
1520 Explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his fleet reach Cape Virgenes after transiting the Magellan Strait between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, becoming the first Europeans to sail into the Pacific [1]
- 1555 English parliament refuses to recognize Philip of Spain as king
Lord of Culemborg
1555 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V makes Erard of Pallandt, Lord of Culemborg
- 1568 2nd Altenburger sermon: Philippisten/Gnesiolutheranen
- 1591 Nijmegen surrenders to Earl Mauritius van Nassau
- 1601 Memorial service for Daitokuji's Shinju held for Ikkyu Sojun in Kyoto
Battle of the Dunes
1639 Sea battle at Dunes, Dutch fleet under Maarten Tromp defeats Spanish armada under Antonio De Oquendo
- 1652 King Louis XIV returns to Paris
- 1708 Dutch & English troops occupy Lille (Rijsel)
- 1727 Russian & Chinese accord to correct boundaries
- 1774 First display of the word "Liberty" on a flag, raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts and which was in defiance of British rule in Colonial America.
- 1789 French Revolution: The National Assembly declares martial law in France to prevent uprisings
- 1797 The USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) is launched in Boston
Absorption of Gases by Water
1803 English scientist John Dalton reads his paper "On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids" to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Soc - 1st outline of his atomic theory
Battle of Trafalgar
1805 Battle of Trafalgar: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats combined French and Spanish fleet. Nelson shot and killed during battle.
- 1816 The Penang Free School is founded in George Town, Penang, Malaysia, by the Rev Hutchings. It is the oldest English-language school in Southeast Asia.
- 1824 Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement (Yorkshire, England)
Nightingale Heads to the Crimean War
1854 Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent to the Crimean War
- 1861 Battle of Balls Bluff, VA (Leesburg, Harrison's Island)
- 1864 Battle of Westport, MO (Kansas City)
- 1868 Severe earthquake at 7:53 AM, centered in Hayward, California
- 1869 1st shipment of fresh oysters comes overland from Baltimore
- 1871 1st US amateur outdoor athletic games (NY)
Anti-Socialist Law
1878 German chancellor Otto von Bismarck delegates end of "Socialism"
- 1887 Detroit clinches best-of-15 touring World Championship with its 8th victory in Game 11 this afternoon in Baltimore, 13-3
- 1895 The Republic of Formosa collapses as Japanese forces invade.
- 1897 Yerkes Observatory of University of Chicago is dedicated
- 1899 Battle at Elandslaagte Natal: (Boers vs British army)
- 1902 In the United States, a five month strike by United Mine Workers ends.
- 1911 RS Hichens & M Hudsons "Garden of Allah" premieres in NYC
- 1913 Transvaal women satyagrahis begin defiance activities, hawking without licenses in Vereeniging; they cross the Natal border and encourage the miners in Newcastle to strike
- 1914 Battle of Warsaw ends with German defeat
- 1915 1st transatlantic radiotelephone message, Arlington, Va to Paris
American Note to Britain
1915 William Jennings Bryan's successor as US Secretary of State, Robert Lansing, sends a note to Britain protesting interference with US shipping
- 1917 1st Americans to see action on front lines of WWI: US troops enter front lines at Sommervillier under French command
- 1917 Petrograds garrison accepts Revolutionary Military Committee
- 1918 Margaret Owen sets world typing speed record of 170 wpm for 1 min
- 1921 Former Hungarian King Karl stages a second attempted coup and is arrested
- 1921 Tuschinski Theater opens in Amsterdam
- 1925 Sidney Howards "Lucky Sam McGarver" premieres in NYC
Asturias Offensive
1937 Francisco Franco's nationalist troops occupy Gijón, ending the occupation of Asturias
- 1938 Japanese troops occupies Canton
- 1939 Revival of Sidney Howard's Pulitzer Prize-winning 1924 stage drama "They Knew What They Wanted", closes at the Empire Theatre, NYC; after 24 performances
- 1940 RAF drops 1st anti-nazi pamphlets on Netherlands
- 1944 Canadian troops occupy Breskens
- 1944 World War II: US troops capture Aachen, 1st large German city to fall
- 1945 Women in France allowed to vote for 1st time
- 1947 Dutch Dakota explodes near Copenhagen, 16 die
- 1947 J.B Priestley's stage drama "An Inspector Calls" opens at the Booth Theatre, NYC; runs for 95 performances
- 1948 Beersheba liberated by Israeli army
- 1948 Dutch Constellation crashes at Prestwick Scotland (40 murder)
- 1948 Facsimile high-speed radio transmission demonstrated (Washington, D.C.)
- 1948 UN rejects Russian proposal to destroy atomic weapons
Huxley Congratulates Orwell
1949 Author of "Brave New World" Aldous Huxley writes to congratulate George Orwell on his new novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four"
- 1950 Chinese forces occupy Tibet
- 1950 Death penalty abolished in Belgium
- 1950 Tom Powers of Duke scores 6 touchdowns
- 1952 Dutch government refuses New Guinea (West-Irian)
- 1954 Indonesian troops land in New Guinea
- 1957 Giants purchase Class-A Phoenix team
- 1958 1st women in British House of Lords
- 1959 Contra revolutionaries bomb Havana
Guggenheim Museum
1959 Guggenheim Museum, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, opens in New York
- 1959 Players Association approves 2 All-Star Games in 1960, to be held in KC & NY
- 1960 1st British nuclear sub HMS Dreadnought launched
JFK vs Nixon
1960 JFK & Nixon clashed in 4th & final presidential debate (NYC)
- 1961 USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan USSR
Event of Interest
1964 Society Hill Towers, a complex of three 31-story skyscrapers designed by I. M. Pei and Associates, inaugurated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- 1965 Comet Ikeya-Seki approaches perihelion, passing 450,000 kilometers from the sun.
- 1965 Nobel prize for chemistry awarded to Robert B Woodward
- 1965 Vivian Beaumont Theater (NYC) opens
The Tragedy of Aberfan
1966 116 children and 28 adults die as a coal waste heap slides and engulfs a school in Aberfan, South Wales
- 1967 Egypt sinks Israeli torpedo boat
- 1967 Tens of thousands of anti-Vietnam War protesters march on the Pentagon, besieging the military headquarters for two days
- 1969 Bloodless coup in Somalia (National Day)
Election of Interest
1969 German statesman Willy Brandt is elected chancellor of West Germany (1969-1974)
- 1969 Leonard Gersh's "Butterflies are Free" premieres in NYC
- 1969 Maj Gen Mohamed Siad Barre becomes President of Somali
- 1970 777 Unification church couples wed in Korea
- 1970 Bernadette Devlin is released from prison having served four months of her six month sentence for riotous behaviour
- 1970 Caledonian Airways takes over British United Airways
- 1970 Nobel prize of peace awarded to Norman E Borlaugh
Nobel Prize in Literature
1971 Nobel prize for literature awarded to Pablo Neruda
- 1971 USSR performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan
- 1971 William H Rehnquist & Lewis F Powell nominated to US Supreme Court by Nixon, following resignations of Justices Hugo Black & John Harlan
- 1975 Coast Guard Academy 1st allows women to enroll
- 1975 Mexico City's 1st major subway accident takes 26 lives
- 1975 USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
Nobel Prize in Literature
1976 Nobel prize for literature awarded to American Saul Bellow
- 1977 The European Patent Institute is founded.
- 1977 US recalls William Bowdler, ambassador to South Africa
- 1978 Australian civilian pilot Frederick Valentich vanishes in a Cessna 182 over the Bass Strait south of Melbourne, after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft.
Event of Interest
1979 Israeli minister of Foreign affairs Moshe Dayan resigns
Election of Interest
1980 Mikhail Gorbachev elected member of Politburo
Event of Interest
1982 Private funeral service held for Bess Truman, former First Lady of the United States
Appointment of Interest
1983 Pope John Paul II names 3 new Dutch bishops
- 1986 American writer Edward Tracy kidnapped in Beirut
- 1986 Hugh Whitemore's "Breaking the Code" premieres in London
- 1986 IBM re-forms in South Africa
- 1986 Republic of Marshall Islands signs Compact of Free Association with US
- 1987 7th Belgium government of Martens forms
- 1987 Full US Senate debate begins on Robert Bork's nomination to the Supreme Court
Nobel Prize for Economics
1987 Nobel Prize in Economics is awarded to American Robert Solow for his theory of economic growth
Event of Interest
1988 Philippine's former president Ferdinand Marcos and first lady Imelda Marcos indicted on racketeering charges
- 1989 Buck Helm found alive after being buried 4 days, in San Francisco earthquake
- 1989 Houston becomes 1st major college team to gain 1000 yards in a game
- 1990 The first Apple Day, is held in Covent Garden, London.
- 1991 24 die in a fire in Oakland Calif
Event of Interest
1991 Former California Governor Jerry Brown announces his run for the US Presidency
- 1991 US hostage Jesse Turner released from 5 years in captivity in Beirut
- 1993 Failed military coup in Burundi, led by ex-President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, includes assassination President Ndadaye; 525,000 Hutus flee
- 1994 Hana bridge is Seoul Korea crashes, 32+ die
- 1994 North Korea signs pact to end their nuclear projects
- 1995 Addison Vance, 18, of Hickory NC, crowned 7th Ms Venus Swimwear
- 2003 Images of the dwarf planet Eris are taken and subsequently used in its discovery by the team of Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David L. Rabinowitz.
Canonization
2012 Kateri Tekakwitha canonized as the 1st Native American saint by Pope Benedict XVI
Event of Interest
2013 The Parliament of Canada confers Honorary Canadian citizenship on women's rights and education activist Malala Yousafzai
- 2014 Oscar Pistorius is sentenced to five years in prison for killing his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp
Event of Interest
2015 German Chancellor Angela Merkel says German view of Holocaust will not change, after Benjamin Netanyahu says idea came from Mufti of Jerusalem
Event of Interest
2017 Spanish government suspends Catalonia's autonomy in the face of a deepening political crisis over the region's push for independence
- 2018 Sectarian fighting between Muslim and Christian youths kill 55 at Kasuwan Magani, Nigeria
- 2018 Train derails in Yilan County, Taiwan, killing 18 and injuring 178
- 2019 Australia's biggest newspapers all blank out their front pages in protest against press restrictions
Election of Interest
2019 Canadian Federal Election: Justin Trudeau's Liberal Party loses its majority but wins the most seats (157) to form a minority government
- 2019 Facebook says it has taken down four state-backed disinformation campaigns, three from Iran, one from Russia in addition to dozens earlier this year
- 2019 Lebanon government approves economic reforms after 5 days of protests, largest in a decade
- 2019 Thailand's King Vajiralongkorn strips his royal consort Sineenat Wongvajirapakdi of her titles for "misbehaviour and disloyalty against the monarch" two months after she was appointed to them
- 2019 World's oldest natural pearl, 8,000 years old, announced discovered during excavations at Marawah Island, near Abu Dhabi, UAE
- 2020 FBI says Iran and Russia have US voter information and are trying to influence outcome of US election
- 2020 Nasa Osiris-Rex spacecraft lands briefly on asteroid Bennu on mission to collect dust, largest sample from space since Apollo
- 2020 Parents of 545 children cannot be found that were separated at the US-Mexico border according to American Civil Liberties Union
- 2020 Spain becomes the first European country to record more than 1 million COVID-19 cases with the death toll at 34,366
- 2021 Syria's government says it has executed 24 people for starting devastating wildfires in 2020 that killed three [1]
- 20 Oct
- Events in History
- Oct 22
